Plate connections bolted flange plate welded unreinforced flangewelded web wufw kaiser bolted bracket conxl instructional material complementing fema 1051, design examples steel structures 43. Plate girder design process cee462 steel structures ii. By 1950s welded plate girders replaced riveted and bolted plate girders in developed world due to their better quality, aesthetics and economy. Welded plate girder stress mechanics continuum mechanics. In a plate girder bridge, the plate girders are typically ibeams made up from separate structural steel plates rather than rolled as a single crosssection, which are welded or, in older bridges, bolted or riveted together to form the vertical web and horizontal flanges of the beam. Optimum design of welded steel plate girder using genetic.
The minimum effective length of a fillet weld shall be at least four times the nominal size, or the effective size of the weld shall be considered not to exceed 25% of its effective length. Pdf the design of structures whether reinforced concrete or steel are governed by code provisions. Girder spacing plate girders, tub girders, and rolled beams. Most of the fatigue design recommendations are developed with the purpose of achieving a reliable design with respect to this failure mode. Download free excel spreadsheet design for steel structures. In buildings, when large columnfree spaces are designed to be used as an assembly hall, for example, the plate girder is often the economical solution. Characteristics design of gantry girder is a classic example of laterally unsupported beam. Rail height mm effective length factor typical span crane step size m dead load factor live load factor combined load factor. Optimum design of welded steel plate girder using genetic algorithms. The typical welded plate girder consists of flange plates welded to a deep web plate. Assume case 1 follow procedure of design of plate girder. Design of prestressed girder for bridge prestressed girder reinforcement details duration. The following note discusses the standard formula for the shear flow between web and flanges of a doubly symmetric beam which is used for weld design and gives the background to the formula in eurocode 3 part 51.
A beam built up of steel plates and shapes which may be welded or bolted together to form a deep beam larger than can be produced by a rolling mill see illustration. Plate girder article about plate girder by the free dictionary. Cl stress modification coerficient depending on 01. Welded bracket connection design as per is 8002007 lsm duration. Covers current design techniques for both allowable stress and new load and resistance factor design lrfd approaches recommended by the forthcoming american association of state highway and transportation officials draft specifications. These steel structures design spreadsheet are easy to use, but powerful steel structural designing excel software to make things easy. The primary goal of the collaboration is to achieve steel bridge design and construction of the highest quality and value through standardization of the design, fabrication, and erection processes. For simple steel plate girder bridges, consider spot checking computer program design and analysis output by rough hand calculations if practical for complicated steel plate girder bridges curved, consider verifying design with a second designanalysis program no. It carries an uniformly distributed load of 100 knm. Make use of the detail at each and every available gusset plate. For these beams, readymade i sections are not suitable since selection from design of steel structures book. Use is made of a computer program to compare the behaviour of alternative girder support systems and the advantages and disadvantages of each is summarized. This document provides guidance to help steel bridge designers working on texas.
The configuration depends upon the type of connecting elements, nature and magnitude of the forces and moments, available equipment, fabrication and erection considerations, cost, etc. Stiffened plate girders may or may not be designed for tensionfield action to. Lrfd design example for steel girder superstructure bridge. The formulation is very general and includes a variety of design options such as. For simple steel plate girder bridges, consider spot checking computer program design and analysis output by rough hand calculations if practical for complicated steel plate girder bridges curved, consider verifying design with a second design analysis program no two programs will match exactly of course. Zahn what differentiates a beam from a plate girder. Plate girder literature af area of compression flange af as area of transverse stiffener as aw area of web aw a panel length measured from centerline to a centerline of transverse stiffener b width of comp. View notes plate girder design process from cee 462 at university of illinois, urbana champaign. The cracks are due to outofplane bending of the web near the top flange of the girder. The first task, analysis and design of horizontally curved plate girder and box girder test assemblies, is complete. Design to ec3 part 15 nanyang technological university. To display the strand details inside the base file, open the reference file dialog box and activate the display option of the file with the description that.
Adobe reader software is used to view the codes in soft copy format to ease the. In such cases, the designer must choose between a plate girder and a truss. The design shear forces and bending moments are shown in fig. Design a welded plate girder 24 m in effective span and simply supported at ends. Nowadays whole world is going for the limit state method which is more rational. The purpose of this example is to illustrate the use of the aashto lrfd bridge design for the design of a continuous two span steel igirder bridge. Plate girder design using lrfd, engineering journal, american institute of steel construction, vol. Design considerations for steel plate girder bridges. Seshu adluri introduction steel connections many configurations are used for force transfer in connections. Bracing of welded igirder structural engineering general. Assisted by skilled workers in india, companies have been able to successfully grow towards the zenith, but. Structural pipe and tubing shall be galvanized inside and outside.
Preferred practices for steel bridge design, fabrication, and erection. Some of the iowa department of transportation iowa dot continuous, steel, welded plate girder bridges have developed web cracking in the negative moment regions at the diaphragm connection plates. The recommended spandepth ratio for simply supported girder varies between 12 for short span and 20 for long span girder. The steel girder design criteria are obtained from figures 31 through 33 shown below, from the concrete deck design example, and from the referenced articles and tables in the aashto lrfd bridge design specifications through 2002 interims. Steel plate girder bridge design using indian standard. The design process and corresponding calculations for steel igirders are the focus of this example, with particular emphasis placed on illustration of the optional moment redistribution procedures.
Lrfd steel girder superstructure design example lrfd. If capacity of crane is moderate, the gantry girders rest on brackets connected to roof column of industrial shed. Welded plate girders, which are the most common form of plate girders, are built up. Plate girder bridges details and design requirements. Prestressed concrete igirder psi missouri department of.
If rolled beams are specified, the selected sections shall be ensured to be available. Seshu adluri plate girders deep girders three plates welded or bolted rolled sections not enough usually 320 deep wwf sections in the handbook can be used web buckling. Plate girder for efficient design it is usual to choose a relatively deep girder, thus minimizing the required area of flanges for a given applied moment, msd. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the u. If main primary members are weathering steel, secondary members shall also be weathering steel. Pdf this study concerns with finding the geometric dimensions of a plate girder.
Plate girder bridges details and design requirements plate girders became popular in the late 1800s, when they were used in construction of railroad bridges. This module addresses the design of welded plate girders. So far working stress method was used for the design of steel structures. Dec, 2012 plate girder for efficient design it is usual to choose a relatively deep girder, thus minimizing the required area of flanges for a given applied moment, msd. In the bureau, the designer receives the preliminary design with the selection of the continuous welded plate girder superstructure type and locations of substructure components to fit site conditions. In india, industries usually have quality range of gantry girders for industrial sheds. A practical approach to design for efficient fabrication and construction.
Structural steel 1 of 18 rev plate girder design project. In rare instances integral pier caps or substructures will be designed using steel. The work oonsisted of analytioal studies and a series of tests on full size, welded steel girders. Plate girders became popular in the late 1800s, when they were used in construction of railroad bridges.
Each document represents the consensus of a diverse group of professionals. Plate connections bolted flange plate welded unreinforced flangewelded web wufw kaiser bolted bracket conxl instructional material complementing. The plates were joined together using angles and rivets to obtain plate girders of desired size. You can do the hard part of steel calculation in minutes with the inputs. Design of plate girders 2 of welded plate girders in this book. Cee462 steel structures ii summary of plate girder design process 1. The first task, analysis and design of horizontally curved plate girder and. Design a welded plate girder of span 24 m to carry on superimposed load. For fillet welds, even though the joint may be required to carry wholly compressive stresses and the plate surfaces may be machined to fit, the total stress fluctuation. Structural steel design, fabrication, and construction.
For this steel girder design example, a plate girder will be designed for an hl93 live load. Welded plate girders, which are the most common form of plate girders, are builtup. Welded plate girders can be designed as long and as deep as required by the design and fabrication method. Except for nu girders the standard drawings consists of one base file containing girder details used in most designs and one reference file containing strand details that vary by design. The cracks are due to out of plane bending of the web near the top flange of the girder. Welded plate girder, genetic algorithms, structural optimization, objective function, mutation, crossover. The design may be based on any one of the following assumptions. Use is made of a computer program to compare the behaviour of alternative girder support systems and the advantages and disadvantages of.
However, it is a necessary and important part of plate girder design when applying the load and resistance factor design lrfd specification. Design of steel structures by limit state method as per is. The purpose of this example is to illustrate the use of the aashto lrfd bridge design for the design of a continuous two span steel i girder bridge. Continental steel public seminar, 6 august 2014, ntu design of plate girder design of plate girder shear resistance if the web is stocky, no shear buckling of web shall occur and the shear strength of the web is given by ec3 part 11 if the web is not stocky, shear buckling governs the failure. All the standard hotrolled shapes in the manual, the webs are compact. Pdf design of plate girders miftakhu zaim academia. Pdf optimum design of welded steel plate girder using. Design steps for plate girder design of steel structure ll. Introduction 1optimization in the field of engineering not only aims at. Plate girders are used in both buildings and bridges.
Always provide enough access for bolting, welding, and painting. As such, it is capable of supporting greater loads on longer spans. Thus, use of a hybrid girder requires an approved design waiver. Analysis and design of plate girder and box girder test. When the second girder line is set, the permanent diaphragms can be installed between girder line 1 and girder line 2. Design of welded connections american welding society. Preventing cracking at diaphragmplate girder connections in.